What type of music? Where does the music come from?

What type of music? Where does the music come from?

Who created this music? Was this music used for a particular purpose?

Who are the typical types of performers (singers, types of instruments, etc.)?

Are there particular characteristics about melody, rhythms, lyric content that are “required” for this type of music?

Please provide a representative musical selection–if it is vocal music, please include the lyrics and a translation, if necessary.